Oftalmologia

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This PDF covers the following topics related to Ophthalmology : Light, Movement of Light,Vergence, Lens Systems, Simple Lens Formula, Depth of Focus, Depth of Field, Multiple Lens Systems, Lens Effectivity, Focal Points, Ray Tracing � Lenses, Optical Media and Indices of Refraction, Snell�s Law of Refraction, Apparent Thickness Formula, Law of Reflection and Critical Angle, Mirrors, Ray Tracings � Mirrors, Prisms, Prentice�s Rule, Lenses, Aberrations, Schematic Eye, Refractive or Axial Myopia and Hyperopia, Knapp�s Law, Far Point of the Eye, Accommodation., The Amplitude of Accommodation, Near Point of the Eye, Magnification, Telescopes, Aniseikonia.

Author(s): Mark E. Wilkinson, OD, Khadija S. Shahid, OD, MPH

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The Organization of the Retina and Visual System

The purpose of this Tutorial is to summarize these recent advances and to describe our present understanding, based primarily on anatomic investigations, of the Neural Organization of the Mammalian Retina. A great addition has been a section on Psychophysics of Vision which we hope will be of general information to all interested in learning the basics of visual perception.

Author(s): Helga Kolb, Eduardo Fernandez, and Ralph Nelson

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Lasers and Refractive Surgery

The purpose of this note is to familiarize optometry students with ophthalmic laser instrumentation, surgical laser procedures, the management of ocular conditions with lasers and the introduction of minor surgical techniques, including operating room protocols. Topics covered includes: Basics of Laser In Eyecare, Refractive Procedures, Optic, Injections, Ocular Injections, Syncope And Other Possible Emergencies, Surgical Environment, Asepsis and Aseptic Technique, Suturing and Minor Surgical, Advanced Ocular Procedures.

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Ophthalmic Instruments and Equipments

This note explains the following topics: General principles of maintenance and terminology, Common maintenance tasks and techniques to handle them, Maintenance management, Torch light, Ophthalmoscope, retinoscope, Indirect Ophthalmoscope, Slit lamp and other optical equipment, General care of surgical instruments, Care of Knives, Multimeter, Optical surfaces and some simple electrical calculations.

Author(s): V Srinivasan and R D Thulasiraj

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Fuchs corneal dystrophy

Fuchs� corneal dystrophy (FCD) is a progressive, hereditary disease of the cornea first described a century ago by the Austrian ophthalmologist Ernst Fuchs. This note provides recent advances in our understanding of the genetic and pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease, as well as the application of new imaging modalities and less invasive surgical procedures, present new opportunities for improved outcomes among patients with FCD.

Author(s): Allen O Eghrari, MD and John D Gottsch, MD

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Oftalmologia

Oftalmologia

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