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Angiogenesis
Thomas H. Adair and Jean-Pierre Montani.
Author Information and AffiliationsAbstract
Angiogenesis is the growth of blood vessels from the existing vasculature. The field of angiogenesis has grown enormously in the past 30 years, with only 40 papers published in 1980 and nearly 6000 in 2010. Why has there been this explosive growth in angiogenesis research? Angiogenic therapies provide a potential to conquer cancer, heart diseases, and more than 70 of life’s most threatening medical conditions. The lives of at least 1 billion people worldwide could be improved with angiogenic therapy, according to the Angiogenesis Foundation. In this little book, we provide a simple approach to understand the essential elements of the angiogenic process, we critique the most powerful angiogenesis assays that are used to discover proangiogenic and antiangiogenic substances, and we provide an in-depth physiological perspective on how angiogenesis is regulated in normal, healthy tissues of the human body. All tissues of the body require a continuous supply of oxygen to burn metabolic substrates that are needed for energy. Oxygen is conducted to these tissues by blood capillaries: more capillaries can improve tissue oxygenation and thus enhance energy production; fewer capillaries can lead to hypoxia and even anoxia in the tissues. This means that angiogenic therapies designed to control the growth and regression of blood capillaries can be used to improve the survival of poorly perfused tissues that are essential to the body (heart, brain, skeletal muscle, etc.) and to rid the body of unwanted tissues (tumors).
Contents
- Acknowledgments
- 1. Overview of Angiogenesis
- 2. Angiogenesis Assays
- 3. Regulation: Metabolic Factors
- 3.1 CAPILLARY GROWTH IS PROPORTIONAL TO METABOLIC ACTIVITY
- 3.2 INCREASING METABOLIC ACTIVITY STIMULATES BLOOD VESSEL GROWTH
- 3.3 DECREASING METABOLIC ACTIVITY CAUSES VASCULAR REGRESSION
- 3.4 LONG-TERM INCREASES IN BLOOD PRESSURE LEAD TO VASCULAR RAREFACTION
- 3.5 OXYGEN IS A MASTER SIGNAL IN GROWTH REGULATION OF THE VASCULAR SYSTEM
- 3.6 ROLE OF ADENOSINE IN METABOLIC REGULATION OF VASCULAR GROWTH
- 4. Regulation: Mechanical Factors
- Glossary
- References
- Author Biographies
- NLM CatalogRelated NLM Catalog Entries
- Review Skeletal muscle angiogenesis. A possible role for hypoxia.[Adv Exp Med Biol. 2001]Review Skeletal muscle angiogenesis. A possible role for hypoxia.Wagner PD. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2001; 502:21-38.
- Review Molecular basis of angiogenesis and cancer.[Oncogene. 2003]Review Molecular basis of angiogenesis and cancer.Tonini T, Rossi F, Claudio PP. Oncogene. 2003 Sep 29; 22(42):6549-56.
- Vessel co-option is common in human lung metastases and mediates resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy in preclinical lung metastasis models.[J Pathol. 2017]Vessel co-option is common in human lung metastases and mediates resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy in preclinical lung metastasis models.Bridgeman VL, Vermeulen PB, Foo S, Bilecz A, Daley F, Kostaras E, Nathan MR, Wan E, Frentzas S, Schweiger T, et al. J Pathol. 2017 Feb; 241(3):362-374. Epub 2016 Dec 29.
- HIF-1α and HIF-2α induce angiogenesis and improve muscle energy recovery.[Eur J Clin Invest. 2014]HIF-1α and HIF-2α induce angiogenesis and improve muscle energy recovery.Niemi H, Honkonen K, Korpisalo P, Huusko J, Kansanen E, Merentie M, Rissanen TT, André H, Pereira T, Poellinger L, et al. Eur J Clin Invest. 2014 Oct; 44(10):989-99.
- Review Importance of anti-angiogenic factors in the regulation of skeletal muscle angiogenesis.[Microcirculation. 2011]Review Importance of anti-angiogenic factors in the regulation of skeletal muscle angiogenesis.Olfert IM, Birot O. Microcirculation. 2011 May; 18(4):316-30.
- AngiogenesisAngiogenesis
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