Surveying is the process of determining
the relative position of natural and manmade features on or under the earth’s
surface, the presentation of this information either graphically in the form of
plans or numerically in the form of tables, and the setting out of measurements
on the earth’s surface. Topics covered includes: Survey Control, Introduction to
Levelling, Level Traversing - Rise and Fall Method, 5 Level Traversing - Height
of Collimation Method, Adjustment of the Automatic Level, Misclosure and
Adjustment of Level Traverses, Level Set-Out, Errors in Levelling, Traditional
Distance Measurement, Electronic Distance Measurement, The Theodolite, Control
Traverse, Detail Surveys, Level Sections, Pegging and Levelling a Section of
Road, Road Construction, Areas of Regular and Irregular Figures, Cross-Section
Areas, Volumes, Setting Out Distances, Set-Out Surveys, Setting Out Batter
Stakes.
This note covers
Measuring horizontal distances, Vertical measurements, Construction staking,
Slopes and grades, Field exercises, examples and solutions.
Surveying is defined as “taking a general
view of, by observation and measurement determining the boundaries, size,
position, quantity, condition, value etc. of land, estates, building, farms
mines etc. and finally presenting the survey data in a suitable form”. This PDF
covers the following topics related to Surveying : Introduction, Linear and
Angular Measurements, Leveling and Contouring, Computation of Areas and Volumes,
Theodolite and Traverse Surveying, Tacheometric and Advanced Surveying.
Author(s): B Suresh, Assistant Professor, CE Dept, Civil Engineering,
Institute of Aeronautical Engineering
Surveying is the art of measuring
distances, angles, and positions above, on or below the earth’s surface. This
PDF covers the following topics related to Surveying : Introduction, Theory of
error, Basic survey measurements, Traverse survey, Curves, Triangulation.
Author(s): Department
of Civil Engineering, Addis Ababa University
This note covers introduction and chain surveying,
Compass surveying and plane table surveying, Levelling and applications,
Theodolite surveying and engineering surveying.
Objective of this
note is to teach the basics and elements of different types of curves on roads
and their Preliminary survey and to learn about surveying applications in
setting out of curves, buildings, culverts and tunnels.