Geology is a science of
such rapid growth that no apology is expected when from time to time a new
text-book is added to those already in the field. The present work, however, is
the outcome of the need of a text-book of very simple outline, in which causes
and their consequences should be knit together as closely as possible,—a need
long felt by the author in his teaching, and perhaps by other teachers also. The
author has ventured, therefore, to depart from the common usage which subdivides
geology into a number of departments,—dynamical, structural, physiographic, and
historical,—and to treat in immediate connection with each geological process
the land forms and the rock structures which it has produced. In arrangement,
the twofold division of the subject was chosen because of its simplicity and
effectiveness. The principles of physical geology come first; the several
chapters are arranged in what is believed to be a natural order, appropriate to
the greatest part of our country, so that from a simple beginning a logical
sequence of topics leads through the whole subject. The historical view of the
science comes second, with many specific illustrations of the physical processes
previously studied, but now set forth as part of the story of the earth, with
its many changes of aspect and its succession of inhabitants. Special attention
is here given to North America, and care is taken to avoid overloading with
details.
This note explains the following topics:
Origins - Universe, Solar System and Earth, Earth Structure and Composition,
Continental Drift, Plate Tectonics, Minerals, Rocks and the Rock Cycle, Igneous
Rocks, Sedimentary Rocks, Metamorphic Rocks, The Hydrologic Cycle,Soils and Mass
Wasting/Mass Movement, Streams, Groundwater , Glaciers and Glaciation,
Volcanoes, Earthquakes, Mountains and Structures, Geologic Time, Fossils, Energy
Resourses.
The aim of this note is to
provide a basic introduction to the geological and geophysical processes that
form and shape the ocean basins and their margins. Topics covered includes:
Seafloor Mapping, Understanding Conductive Cooling, Cooling of the Ocean Plates,
Evidence for Plate Tectonics from Magnetics, Global Seismology, Mantle Melting
and Phase Diagrams, Mid-Ocean Ridge Segmentation, Subduction Zones, Seismic
Hazards in the Pacific Northwest, Passive Margins and Sediment Transport,
Sequence Stratigraphy and Eustacy, Deep Sea Sedimentation and Paleoceanography.
This
book, like the others in the Series, is written in simple English the language
most widely used in science and technology. It provides an introduction to the
study of Earth science, but `Earth science' is interpreted differently in
different countries. In some regions of the Earth, such as on the Pacific
margins, it usually covers all the science relating to the Earth, including
geology, meteorology, oceanography, geomorphology and soil science. It therefore
covers much of physical geography in these regions, where geography is often not
a strong school subject. In other countries `Earth science' has a rather
narrower definition, largely covering only geology, whilst other aspects of
`Earth science' are covered in geography. Nevertheless, wherever on Earth this
book is being read, if you want to study `Earth science' in Higher Education, at
College or University, you will study mainly geology. So this book has been
written as an introductory guide to geology, to interest you in the subject and
to enthuse you to study geology at higher levels.
This is a book by the
Scottish geologist Charles Lyell. Lyell used geology throughout as a basis to
strengthen his argument for Uniformitarianism.This book explains the geological
state of the modern Earth by considering the long-term effects of observable
natural phenomena.
This book explains about the earth and its
evolution.Also describes planetary formation theories and builds a model of what
early earth could of looked like, subtley using the scientific method and asking
and answering questions every step of the way.
This course note covers sediments in the rock cycle, production of
sediments at the Earth's surface, physics and chemistry of sedimentary
materials, and scale and geometry of near-surface sedimentary bodies, including
aquifers. It also explores topics like sediment transport and deposition in
modern sedimentary environments, burial and lithification, survey of major
sedimentary rock types, stratigraphic relationships of sedimentary basins, and
evolution of sedimentary processes through geologic time.
IN these days of specializing in "
watertight compartments," the bearing of geology in relation to almost every
branch of engineer-ing is very frequently neglected or ignored. A knowledge of
geology is, however, of the first importance to the practical engineer, but it
is difficult for him to study the application of this
science to his requirements without having recourse to a large number of
different textbooks and other works. References to geology which are often of
the greatest practical importance are often almost hidden away or treated in an
obscure fashion, where- as the engineer requires the needful information to be
put before him in a clear and concise manner. To meet this want I have endeavoured to compile the requisite information in one volume, in the hope that
it may serve as a handy book of reference. GEOLOGY is the science which
investigates the history of the earth. It treats of the nature and formation of
the rocks which form the solid framework of the globe ; of the agents which
produce changes in these rocks ; and of the history of the past life, whose
remains (fossils) are buried in them.
This note covers the following topics:
course introduction water balance equation , aquifers porosity and darcys law ,
hydraulic head and fluid potential , continuity and flow nets , groundwater flow
patterns , groundwatersurface water interactions , transient systems and
groundwater storage , pump test analysis , numerical modeling of groundwater
flow , superposition , solute transport in groundwater , soil moisture i , soil
moisture ii , natural tracers pdf , hydraulic conductivity the permeater